南海仲裁結果 肯定福爾摩沙

南海仲裁判斷 出現 FORMOSA / FORMOSAN 的段落內容 出現共5次


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610.  By 1937, however, a new Japanese commercial presence had been established on Itu Aba in the form of the Kaiyo Kogyo Company, engaged in the fishing industry.  This is confirmed in the account of HMS Herald’s visit to the area in that year, which includes the description that:


A fishing company also live on the island and engage in the turtle industry.  There would appear to be about 40 of these men, mostly Formosans by appearance, who live in large wooden huts.  The manager of the company, who only understands a few words of English, Mr. Sadae Chiya, Kaiyokogyo Co. Ltd, Takao Formosa.  He lives in an attractive little hut of two rooms.


Also on the island are a generator for electric power, and what looked like a small wireless transmitting and received set.”


1937年，一個新的日本商於太平島成立海洋興業株式會社，從事漁業。此為英國皇家海軍哈羅德號同年行經該地之記錄可確認，包括以下敘述：


一個漁公司在該島從事烏龜生意。看到約有40人，大多為福爾摩沙人，住在大木屋。福爾摩沙高雄，海洋興業株式會社，公司經理，沙達耶 齊亞（音譯）先生，只懂幾個英文字。他住在一個很棒的兩房小木屋。


在島上也有一個發電機，看起來像是一個無線傳送及接收器。








619.  The same conclusion holds true with respect to Japanese commercial activities on Itu Aba and South-West  Cay.    A  crew  of  Formosan  labourers,  brought  to  the  Spratlys  to  mine  guano  or capture sea turtles, is inherently transient in nature:  their objective was to extract the economic resources of the Spratlys for the benefit of the populations of Formosa and Japan to which they would return.  It was not to make a new life for themselves on the islands.  It may of course occur, and frequently does, that what is initially a remote outpost of an extractive industry will develop over time into a settled community.  This did not, however, occur in the case of either Itu Aba or South-West Cay.  The temporary presence of these persons on the features for a few short  years  does  not  suffice  to  establish  a  settled  community  within  the  meaning  of  “human habitation” in Article 121(3).





同樣的結論支持關於日本在太平島及南子島的商業行為。福爾摩沙的勞工被載往南沙開採鳥糞或捕抓海龜，自始完全是天然的：他們的目的是為了福爾摩沙及日本人民的利益而開採南沙的經濟資源，而後即歸返。他們並非在該等島嶼展開新的生活。當然，時常，採集業可於偏遠地點發展成定居的社群。然而，這情況並未發生在太平島或南子島。就第121(3)條所稱的「人類居住」而言，這些人於短短的幾年暫時呈現的這些特徵，不足以構成定居的社群。








623.  In the Tribunal’s view, all of the economic activity in the Spratly Islands that appears in the historical  record  has  been  essentially  extractive  in  nature  (i.e.,  mining  for  guano,  collecting shells, and fishing), aimed to a greater or lesser degree at utilising the resources of the Spratlys for  the  benefit  of  the  populations  of  Hainan,  Formosa,  Japan,  the  Philippines,  Viet  Nam,  or elsewhere.    As  set  out  above  at  paragraph  543,  the  Tribunal  considers  that,  to  constitute  the economic life of the feature, economic activity must be oriented around the feature itself and not be focused solely on the surrounding territorial sea or entirely dependent on external resources.  The Tribunal also considers that extractive economic activity, without the presence of a stable local community, necessarily falls short of constituting the economic life of the feature.




仲裁庭認為南沙群島在歷史記錄上的所有經濟活動，主要都是天然的開採（即鳥糞開採、撿拾貝類及捕魚），在目的上或多或少都是南沙群島資源的利用，為著海南、福爾摩沙、日本、菲律賓、越南或其他地方人民的利益。如同第543段所述，仲裁庭認為，為了構成經濟生活特性，經濟活動應有其自己的特性，而非僅聚焦在週遭領海或全部仰賴外界資源。仲裁庭同時考量，經濟活動的利用，倘無當地穩固的社群，即無法構成經濟生活特性。


下載南海仲裁全文：

https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/12102119/PH-CN-20160712-Award.pdf